PART 7    Ch.XLI.9

The great Pelasgian empire

(The Pelasgian language)

 

PART 7

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XLI. 9. The barbarian language in Macedonia and in the provinces of Illyricum.

 

The Macedonians were also a Pelasgian people (Justinus, lib. VII. 1). Their language though was not so Latin as was the dialect of the Dacians and the Sarmatians, because neither the Macedonians, nor the populations of Illyricum figure in the list of the Latin barbarian peoples which we find with Horace. Nevertheless, we have the following important data about the Latin character of the language of the Macedonians.

 

In 196bc, after the Romans defeated king Filip of Macedonia, there were celebrated with great solemnity the so-called Isthmic games, where an immense multitude of inhabitants of all the lands which had been subjected to king Filip of Macedonia had gathered. On this occasion, after the proconsul Titus Quinctius Flaminius and the Romans commissaries occupied the seats reserved for them at this festivity, the herald, stepping in the center of the arena, spoke in the Latin language these words: that the Roman Senate and the general Titus Quinctius Flaminius, following the defeat of king Filip, order that all the inhabitants of the provinces which had been under the rule of king Filip, be exempted from all the taxes, and live according to their own laws. Hearing the voice of the herald, an extraordinary joy got hold of the entire mob. They could not believe that they had understood well what had been said, and looked at one another with astonishment, as if all this were only the illusion of an empty dream….and being unable to believe their own ears, they asked their neighbors.

The herald was called again, because each of them wanted, not only to hear, but also to see the one who announced their freedom; then the herald pronounced again the same words. The mob, in its excess of joy, started to applaud with repeated shouts, which seemed without end, so that is was easy to understand that for this mob the dearest of all riches was freedom (Livy, Hist. rom. I. XXXIII. 92).

 

Also in Latin was made the publication of the new organization of Macedonia, and in 167bc the consul Emilius Paulus, after defeating king Perseus of Macedonia, convoked an assembly at Amphipolis. Here, in the middle of an immense multitude of Macedonians, and in the presence of the 10 representatives sent by Rome to regulate the affairs of the conquered country, the consul Emilius Paulus presented in Latin language the wish of the Senate and its decisions, while the praetorian Octavius, who was also present, repeated the same words, interpreting them in Greek language (Livy, Hist. rom. I. XLV. 29).

Both proclamations therefore, that from 196bc, as well as that from 167bc, had been made in the Latin popular language, not in order to impose onto the freed people the national language of the victor, but because their idioms were barbarian Latin.

 

A barbarian Latin language was also spoken in the provinces of the Illyricum even before Roman conquest. Under the name Illyria were understood in older times all the lands westwards of Thessaly and Macedonia, up to the sea and to Istria; and in the times of the empire, belonged to Illyricum the Noricum, Pannonia, Dalmatia, Mesia and the two Dacia from across the Danube (Sextus Rufus, Breviarium, c. VIII; Bocking, Not. Dign. II. 6).

The Illyrii, according to Suidas, were a people of Thracian nationality, and the Thracians, according to Strabo, spoke the same language as the Getae.

Pannonia was conquered only in 9ad; and 21 years after this conquest, Velleius Paterculus wrote the following: “In all the Pannonias, there exist not only Roman customs and mores, but also a sort of Roman language, and many also occupy themselves with literature” (II. 110. 5; Vopiscus, Aurel. C. 24).

 

The Roman language which was spoken by the inhabitants of Pannonia in the times of Paterculus, was therefore an ancient national language, not imposed by the conqueror’s civilization. It continued to be that until the times of the emperor Julianus (361-363), a language paene barbara, as the historian Aurelius Victorus tells us (De Caes. 37. 7; Schuchardt, Der Vokalism. d. Vulgarlat. III. 44).

 

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